Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These highly fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that stem from their fundamental structure and surface chemistry. These tunable size, shape, and composit

Quantum dots (QDs) are quantum nanostructures with unique optical and electronic properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further leveraged by tailoring their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the binding of functional groups or ligands